Golden Horde

The Golden Horde (Mongolian: Алтан Ордын улс Altan Ordyn Uls; Turkish: Altın Orda; Tatar: Altın Urda; Russian: Золотая Орда, Zolotaya Orda) was a Mongol — later Turkicized — khanate established in parts of present-day Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and the Caucasus after the breakup of the Mongol Empire in the 1240s. At its peak the Golden Horde's territory included most of European Russia from the Urals to the Carpathian Mountains, extending east deep into Siberia. On the south the Horde's lands bordered on the Black Sea, the Caucasus Mountains, and the territories of the Mongol dynasty known as the Il-Khans.